Remote positioning control



March 16, 1948.

I w, LEAR 2,438,061 REMOTE POSITIONING CONTROL Filed Sefit. 27, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 U 757% 47 4 /7 77W 26 zM/i I 615' 54 5812 JZ hm. 4mg v fi 24 2 INVENTOR. I iV/ZZ/4/V P. 154/? O Z 42 O) BY a d M .iz v5 v ATTORNEY Marc h 16, 1948. w. P. LEAR. 2,438,061

REMOTE POSITIONING CONTROL Filed Sept. 27, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. l V/ZZ MM f. 154/ ATTORNZZ'Y- Patented Mar. 16, 1948 2,438,061

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,438,061 REMOTE POSITIONING CONTROL William P. Lear, North Hollywood, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Lear, Incorporated, Grand Rapids, Mich., a corporation of l inois Application September 27, 1943, Serial No. 503,872

14 Claims. (Cl. 74-407) 1 2 This invention relates to remote positioning adapted to connect a manual drive means and a and indicating systems, and more particularly to position indicator to each other and to one or such system in which actuation of a manual drive more driven members. means effects energization of a power drive means These and other objects, advantages and feato control the position of a driven member in actures of the invention will be apparent from the cordance with the amount of movement of the following description and the accompanying manual drive means and to a novel compact condrawings. .In the drawings: trol and indicating unit. Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a typical The present invention is particularly adapted system embodying the present invention. to remotely position and indicate the position of Fig. 2 is a front view of a position indicator aircraft accessories such as landing gear, wing forming part of the invention.

flaps, ailerons and so forth. Aboard the larger Fig. 3 is a rear view of the compact control unit aircraft, such acsessories are usually actuated by forming partof the invention.

power driving means, and are frequently actu- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line 4-4 ated in pairs. It is important that both accesof Fig. 1.

series of such a pair be actuated in synchronism. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view on the line 5-5 To provide insurance against failure of the power of Fig. 1.

drive means, it is desirable to provide for manual- Fig. 6 is a schematic wiring diagram illusly actuating these accessories. It is also desirable trating a preferred electrical circuit of the into indicate at a position remote from the member, vention,

such as adjacent the pilots compartment, the Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of a prerelative actuated position of the driven member ferred mechanical interconnection of the invenor members. In the present invention, the indition system.

cator and one or more actuating means are me- Generally speaking, the present invention inchanically interconnected so that the actuating cludes a control unit including a combined manmeans cannot get out of synchronism with each ual driving means and position indicator conother or with the indicator. nected through suitable driving mechanism such It is among the objects of this invention to as flexible shafting, to one or more actuators efprovide a position and indicating system in which fective to position a driven member, such as an a manual driving means is at all times effective aircraft accessory. Power driving means, such to actuate a driven member, and a power driving as electric motors, are provided and adapted to means is associated with the driven member and be selectively connected to the actuators through normally effective, upon actuation of the manual the medium of suitable means such as electrodriving means, to position the driven member in netic clutch s. ntr l ns are p vi d accordance with the amount of movement of the 3 for each of the power driving means and are remanual driving means; to provide such a system motely connected to control switches operatively in which a continuous indication of the position associated with the manual driving means of the of the driven member is provided under all circontrol unit. The arrangement is such that'actucumstances, irrespective of whether the driven ation of the manual driving means in either dimember is power actuated or manually actuated; 40 rection will cause energization of the p Wer drivto provide a motor assisted manual drive sysing means to actuate the movable members in the tem in which actuation of the manual driving direction indicated by the movement of the manmember effects selective operation of control ual drive means and to the extent of movement switches for energizing an lectric motor to act thereof. A continuous indication of the position ate a driven system in accordance with the diof the ct d member is p o ded th ou h merection and amount of movement of the manual chanical connections between th p i n ndidriving means; to provide a novel motor assisted cator, the manual drive means and the actuators manual driving system connected to a driven sysfor the driven members. tern through planetary gearing, in which the Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 7 planetary gearing includes a member movable, of the drawing, the system of the invention inupon actuation of the manual drive means, to secludes a compact combined manual driving lectively close either one of a pair of switches for means, position indicator and power driving energizing one or more electric motors; and to means control unit 10. The manual driving provide a compact control and indicating unit means comprises a handwheel [5 connected including planetary and differential gearing through planetary gearing '20 to driving mechanism such as flexible shafting 25. Flexible shafting 25 is connected to a T-drive 30 which is in turn connected by flexible shafting H and I2 to reduction gearing included in housings l3 and l6, respectively. The gearing in housings I3 and I6 is connected to jack screw actuators 35 and 66 adapted to position driven members such as airplane wing flaps indicated at 45 and 56. Suitable power driving means, such as electric motors 55 and 66, are adapted to be selectively connected to actuators 35 and 46, respectively, in a manner described more fully hereinafter.

Planetary gearing 26 for manual driving means |5 is mounted in the control unit H6 in a housing IE to which is secured a relatively movable housing enclosing the position indicating mechanism. Wheel |5 is secured by a nut I8 on the squared end 2| of a shaft 22. Shaft 22 is mounted, through the medium of a bushing 23, in a sleeve member 24 secured by rivets 26 to housing .|6. An internal ring gear 21 is formed integral with shaft 22 and meshes with a plurality of planetary pinions 26 rotatably mounted on a movable mounting plate 3 As shown more particularly in Fig. 5, planetary pinions 28 may be three in number and are provided with bushings 32 mounted on pins 63 secured in plate 3|. Pinions 28 likewise mesh with a centrally located pinion 36 provided with a shaft 36 mounted in bearings in the end wall 31 of housing HE. A spur gear 38 is secured to shaft 36 and engages a pinion 4| which is connected through a coupling 62 to flexible shafting 25. The opposite end 43 of shaft 36 is mounted in a recess 44 in the inner end of shaft 22. Upon movement of wheel i5, ring gear 21 will rotate pinions 26 and thus drive pinion 64, spur gear 38, pinion M and shafting 25. Through the medium of the connections contained in drive box 36, this will cause operation of the gearing in housings |3 and M to effect movement of actuators 35 and 46 and thus of driven members 16 and 56.

Movable member 3| is mounted for a slight degree of rotation in housing l6, being retained in position between flange 46 on end wall 31 and a shoulder 61 on the housing l6. A pin 48 is secured to plate 3| and projects outwardly through an aperture 5| in end wall 31. The reduced outer end 62 of pin 5| engages the forked end 53 of a lever 56 pivotally mounted at 56 on end wall 31, as shown more particularly in Fig. 3. Lever 56 is provided with a roller 51 in engagement with the operating plungers 56 and 66 of a pair of switches 6| and 62 mounted on end wall 31. Electrical control cables 63 and 66 connect switches 6| and 62 to control boxes 66 and 61 containing switch means for controlling the operation of motors 65 and 66. Upon movement of wheel l5 in either direction, the torque exerted on plate 3| will cause a movement thereof which, through pin 6|, will move lever 64. Roller 5'! will thus depress one or the other of push-buttons 58 or 66 to close the corresponding switch 6| or 62. Closure of such switches will energize one of the motors 55 or 66.

Motors 55 and 66 are each provided with an electromagnetic clutch 66 or 16 which may be of the type described and claimed in my Patent No. 2,267,114 or my Patent No. 2,366,734, both assigned to the same assignee as this case.v As fully shown and described in said patents; the clutches include a driving member connected to the motor and a driven member connected to gearing in housing I3, Hi. My Patent No. 2,366,734, issued January 9, 1M5, for

actuator system, and assigned to the same assignee as the present case, illustrates a typical arrangement of the gearing in housing l3, l4 and also illustrates a typical arrangement of clutches 68 or 16. In View of the above mentioned patents, it is not believed necessary to further illustrate or describe the clutch mechanism or the specific gearing arrangement used in the present con struction.

Another typical gearing arrangement for housings l3, M is illustrated in copending application Serial No. 483,515, filed April 17, 1943, for Unitary mechanical actuator system and assigned to the same assignee as the present case. The gearing in drive box 66 is a typical right-angle gear drive. Such a gear drive is illustrated, for instance, at 65 in Fig. 1 of the above identified Patent 2,366,734, and as such right-angle gear drives are well-known to those skilled in the art, specific illustration and description thereof is not believed necessary in the present invention.

Clutches 66 and iii are energized upon energization of the respective motors 56 and 66, and act to connect the motors to the gearing contained in housings H; or M, respectively, and thus to actuators 36 or so. Clutches 68 and 16 are quick disconnecting, the driven member of the clutch being snapped out of engagement with the driving member substantially instantly upon deenergization of the associated motor. Such quick disconnection results in smooth control of driven elements 65 and 56.

Accordingly, when handle H3 is moved, the corresponding motor 65 or 66 is energized and connected to actuators 35 or 66 to effect movement of members 45 or 66. The particular motor remains energized during continued movement of handle l6, as such continued movement continues to impose a torque upon plate 3| and thus maintains one of the switches 6| or 62 closed, depending upon the direction of movement of handle l5. If motors 65 or 66 tend to cause actuation of flexible shafting 25 faster than such actuation is caused by handle i5, a reverse torque will be applied to plate 6| causing the same to move the lever 56 back to a central position opening the previously closed switch 6| or 62. Motors 65 or 66 thus move driven members 66 or 56 only to the extent indicated by movement of handle l5.

Upon deenergization of either of the motors, its electromagnetic clutch 63 or E6 is simultaneously deenergized to effect substantially instantaneous disconnection of the motor from its associated gearing and actuator. If desired, clutches 68 or '56 may be of the type described and claimed in my copending applicationSerial No. 552,442, filed September 2, 1944, in which a brake surface is provided and is adapted to be engaged by the driven disk of the clutch upon deenergization thereof, and during the time that the motor is coasting to a stop. Such engagement of the driven disk with the brake surface effects substantially instantaneously stopping of the associated actuator. However, when the motor has coasted substantially to a stop, the clutch described in said copending application is so arranged that the frictional engagement between the driven member and the brake surface is substantially eliminated. Thereby, actuators 65 or All may be driven through manual drive means it without the load of motors 56 or 60 being imposed upon the system. In the present arrangement, each motor is completely disconnected from the system upon deenergization, and its driven disk is freely rotatable by the manual Multiple driving means.

As driven members 455 and 56 are moved to different positions, such positions are indicated.

by mechanism contained within housing ll of control unit it. This mechanism comprises a series of indicia 55 on a plate 76 as shown in Fig. 2. Plate it is secured to the housing It by rivets ll. Cooperating with indicia i5 is a pointer 78 on a plate Eli? rotatably mounted. on sleeve 24. Plate 85 is pinned to a spur gear ill by a pin 82. Adjacent spur gear at is a spur gear 83 fixed on sleeve E l. Arranged in front of gear 83 is a plate 85, rotatably mounted on sleeve 24 and secured to housing I? by a pin 85. The other end of pin 35 is secured in a mounting ring 86. A series of pins 87 also connect plate t l to ring at. A pinion 88 is rotatably mounted with gears 8i and 83. One of gears 85 and 83, preferably relatively movable gear 8! is provided with at least one less gear tooth than the other gear 83. The indicating arrangement is substantially similar to that described and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 504,259 filed September 29, 1943 entitled Remote control and indicator system and assigned to the assignee of the present application. Accordingly, as handle l5 and housing it are rotated, plate 84 will rotate therewith and thus pinion 83 will revolve around gears 8i and 83. For each revolution of pinion 833, movable gear 3i will be displaced relative to fixed gear by a distance corresponding to the number of teeth difference between the gears. This will move plate til and pointer is a corresponding amount.

Plate 84 is moved by shaft 22 through the medium of housin ii. The indicating mechanism is therefore directly connected to actuator 35 and it and thus to driven members 45 and 50, Any motion of driven members 5 and '59 is transmitted to the indicating mechanism through planetary gearing irrespective of whether such a motion is efiected manually or by electric motors 55 or Due to the mechanical inte connection of the indicating mechanism in housing I7, and actuators 35 and 45), all of these elements are maintained in synchronism at all times. Zherefore, pointerle in cooperation with indicia is accurately indicates the postion of members 35 and 59 throughout their range of movement. Thus, the interconnecting mechanical cables H, 92 and 25 maintain actuators 35 and 4!) in synchronism with each other and with control unit iii at all times.

Fig. 6 is a wiring diagram illustrating a preferred circuit arrangement for motors 55 or fit. Each motor comprises an armature 9i! and oppositely wound field windings 9i and 92, one of which is used for each direction of rotation. In series with the armature is a winding 93 for electromagnetic clutch E8 or it. As shown, switches El and 62 are connected in parallel to one terminal 9d of a suitable source of current, which may be the 24 volt battery which is usually carried aboard aircraft. When handle I5 is moved, either switch E! or switch as is closed, by engagement of roller with plungers 53 or 60. The closure of either one of these switches will energize the motors through either pair of field windings ill or $2 and clutch coils 93. A conductor 55 connects the opposite terminal of coils E53 to the other terminal 96 of the source of cur rent.

t will be noted that the invention provides a compact control and indicating unit, in which the gearing connecting manual drive means IE to driving mechanism 25, and the indicator gearon pin 85 and meshes ing, are all enclosed in a compact arrangement is for aircraft installations a premium.

While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described for the purposes of illustration, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention might be otherwise embodied without departing from such principles.

What is claimed is:

l. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; power driving means; mechanism effective upon energization of said power driving means to connect the same to said actuator; a manual driving device; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said, planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnectin said gears; and switch means operatively associated with said movable element and effective, upon actuation of said manual driving device, to energize said power driving means and operate said driven member.

2. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; mechanism effective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same to said actuator; a manual driving device; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said drivin mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; and switch means operatively associated with said movable element and eiiective, upon actuation of said manual driving device, to energize said electric motor and operate said driven member.

3. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; power driving means; clutch means efiective upon energization of said power driving means to connect the same to said actuator; a manual driving device; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing connecting said manual driving device to said. driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; switch means operatively associated with said movable element and effective, upon actuation of said manual driving device, to energize said power driving means; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and effective to indicate the operated position of said driven member.

4. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; an electromagnetic clutch efiective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same single housing. Such a particularly important where space is often at to said actuator; a manual driving device; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; switch means cperatively associated with said movable element and efiective, upon actuation of said manual driving device, to energize said eiectric motor; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and efiective to indicate the operated position of said driven member.

5. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; power driving means; mechanism effective upon energization of said power driving means to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said power driving means; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; and means connecting said movable element to said operating lever; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said power driving means and operate said driven member.

6. A remote position controlling and indicat ing system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; mechanism eiiective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a ear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said electric moto; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; and means ccnnecting said movable element to said operating lever; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said electric motor and operate said driven member,

7. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; power driving means; clutch means effective upon energization of said power driving means to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pfnions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said power driving means; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and effective to indicate the operated position of said driven member; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said power driving means and operate said driven member.

8. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; an electromagnetic clutch efiective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable e1emerit and operatively interconnecting said gears;

a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said electric motor; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; means connecting said movable element to said operating lever; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and effective to indicate the operated position of said driven member; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said electric motor and operate said driven member.

5. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; an electromagnetic clutch efiective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same to said actuator; a manual driving device; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinionsmounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; switch means operatively associated with said movable element and eiiective, upon actuation of said manual driving device, to energize said electric motor; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing efiective to indicate the operated position of said driven member and operate said driven member; said apparatus including a movable indicator and differential gearing connecting said manual driving device to said indicator.

10. A remote position controlling and indicating system ccn'prising in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; power driving means; clutch means effective upon energization of said power driving means to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechan' connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a go 1' connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said power driving means; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and eifective to indicate the operated position of said driven member; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said power driving means and operate said driven member; said apparatus includin indicia on said housing, an indicator movably mounted on said housing, a gear member secured to said indicator, a gear member secured to said housing, one of said gear members having less gear teeth than the other, and a pinion secured to said manual driving device and revolvable about the peripheries of said gear members to cause relative movement of the same.

11. A remote position controlling and indicating system comprising, in combination, a driven member; an actuator operatively associated with said driven member; an electric motor; an electromagnetic clutch eiiective upon energization of said electric motor to connect the same to said actuator; a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; driving mechanism connected to said actuator; planetary gearing mounted in said housing connecting said manual driving device to said driving mechanism, said planetary gearing including a gear connected to said manual driving device, a gear connected to said driving mechanism, a movable element, and planetary pinions mounted on said movable element and operatively interconnecting said gears; a pair of switches mounted on said housing and connected in the energizing circuit of said electric motor; an operating lever for said switches pivotally mounted on said housing between said switches; means connecting said movable element to said operating lever; and apparatus operatively associated with said gearing and effective to indicate the operated position of said driven member; said movable element, upon actuation of said manual driving device, actuating said lever to operate one of said switches to energize said electric motor and operate said driven member; said apparatus including indicia on said housing, an indicator movably mounted on said housing, a gear member secured to said indicator, a gear member secured to said housing, one or said gear members having less gear teeth than the other, and a pinion secured to said manual drivin device and revolvable about the peripheries of said gear members to cause relative movement of the same.

12. A compact position selecting and indicating control unit comprising, in combination a housing; a manual driving. device mounted on said housing; a driven member mounted in said housing and adapted to be connected to driving mechanism; planetary gearing mounted in said housing and operatively connecting said manual driving device to said driven member; said planetary gearing including a normally stationary element movable through a limited range upon actuation of said manual driving device; power supply control means mounted on said housing and arranged to control the energization of power driving means associated with such driving mechanism; indicating mechanism on said housing operative to indicate the position of a movable member connected to such driving mechanism; and diilerential gearing in said housing connecting said manual driving device and said driven member to said indicating mechanism.

13. A compact position selecting and indicating control unit comprising, in combination a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; a driven member mounted in said housing and adapted to be connected to driving mechanism; a planetary gearing mounted in said housing and operatively connecting said manual driving device to said driven member; said planetary gearing including a normally stationary element movable through a limited range upon actuation of said manual driving device; power supply'control means mounted on said housing and arranged to control the energization of power driving means associated with such driving mechanism; indicating mechanism on said housing operative to indicate the position of a movable member connected to such driving mechanism; differential gearing in said housing connecting said manual driving device and said driven member to said indicating mechanism; said differential gearing including a gear secured to said housing; a gear movable mounted in said housing and secured to said indicating mechanism; one of said gears having less teeth than the other; and a pinion secured to said manual driving device and revolvable about the peripheries of said gears to cause relative movement thereof.

14. A compact position selecting and indicating control unit comprising, in combination a housing; a manual driving device mounted on said housing; a driven member mounted in said housing and adapted to be connected to driving mechanism; planetary gearing mounted in said housing and operatively connecting said manual driving device to said driven member; said planetary earing including a normally stationary element movable through a limited range upo actuation of said manual driving device; power supply control means mounted on said housing and arranged to control the energization of power driving means associated with such driving mechanism; indicating mechanism o said housing operative to indicate the position of a movable member connected to such driving mechanism; differential gearing in said housing connecting said manual driving device and said driven member to said indicating mechanism; said indicating mechanism including indicia on said housing and an indicator movably mounted on said housing and cooperative with said indicia; said differential gearing including a gear secured to said housing; a gear movably mounted in said housing and secured to said indicator; one of said gears having less teeth than the other; and a pinion secured to said manual driving de- 5 V 11 42 vice and revolvahle about the peripheries of said UNITED STATES PATENTS gears to cause relative movement thereof. Number Name Date 1,472,257 Titteringtor Oct. 30, 1923 WILLIAM LEAR 5 2,045,775 Hodgman June so, 1936 2,206,875 Chafee July 9, 1940 V REFERENCES CITED 2,284,353 Allen May 26, 1942 The following references are of record in the 2,345,418 Neuner Mar, 28, 1944 Lear Jan. 9, 1945 file of this patent: 2,366,734 

